Publications
Regulatory Change: 2015 Diagnosis, 2016 Prognosis
November 2015
In recent years, securities regulation has become a leviathan, riddled with traps for the unwary that can lead to arbitrary, disproportionate and perverse sanctions. Elsewhere, the lack of clearly defined rules creates uncertainty over areas such as determining investor collusion or defining bribery. In this article, The Hedge Fund Journal profiles SRZ’s leading securities litigation practice and talks to SRZ partners Eric A. Bensky, Brian T. Daly, Harry S. Davis, William H. Gussman, Jr., David K. Momborquette, Howard Schiffman, Gary Stein and Michael E. Swartz about key securities regulatory enforcement and civil litigation issues affecting the private investment fund industry as well as what to expect in 2016. The attorneys discuss the impact of the seminal Newman decision on insider trading law (including important limitations on the applicability of Newman), collaboration between U.S. and foreign securities regulators, market manipulation cases (including “spoofing” and other actions involving high frequency traders), liability of chief compliance officers and other “gate keepers,” activist investors, antitrust disclosure issues, fines and prime broker liability, compliance with Rule 105 under Regulation M (which relates to short selling in advance of certain secondary offerings), civil litigation relating to appraisal statutes, and the increasing interrelationship between SEC examinations, regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, among other topics.
Related Insights
Alerts
On March 1, 2024, Judge Liles C. Burke of the US District Court for the Northern District of Alabama found the Corporate Transparency Act (“CTA”) unconstitutional. The CTA, which was enacted on Jan. 1, 2021, requires certain legal entities (known as “Reporting Companies”) to file beneficial ownership information reports (“BOI Reports”) with the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”).[1] Judge Burke’s 53-page opinion concluded that “the CTA exceeds the Constitution’s limits on the legislative branch and lacks a sufficient nexus to any enumerated power to be a necessary or proper means of achieving Congress’ policy goals.”[2] Judge Burke also issued a final judgment permanently enjoining the US Government from enforcing the CTA against the two plaintiffs —the National Small Business Association, a non-profit trade group that represents more than 65,000 member companies, and one of its members.[3]
Alerts
On Feb. 15, 2024, the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) proposed its long-anticipated rule, which will subject certain investment advisers to significant anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing-related compliance obligations (“Proposed Rule”). Specifically, the Proposed Rule requires certain investment advisers to (i) establish and implement anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (“AML/CFT”) programs, (ii) file suspicious activity reports (“SARs”) with FinCEN, and (iii) fulfill recordkeeping, information sharing, investor due diligence and other AML/CFT-related obligations mandated by the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”).[1] The Proposed Rule applies to investment advisers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), also known as registered investment advisers (“RIAs”) and exempt reporting advisers (“ERAs”) (collectively, “Covered Advisers”). The public comment period will remain open until April 15, 2024.
Alerts
On Jan. 10, 2024, the US Department of Labor (“DOL”) published its final rule on employee or independent contractor classification under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) for purposes of minimum wage and overtime. The final rule became effective March 11, 2024.
Alerts
On Feb. 6, the Staff of the US Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Investment Management (“Staff”) issued an updated FAQ (“FAQ”) with respect to Investment Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-1 (“Marketing Rule”), excerpted below,[1] addressing the presentation of gross and net internal rates of return (“IRRs”) when the fund uses subscription lines to fund investments. Although the Staff, for quite some time, has focused during examinations on the methodology used to calculate gross and net IRRs when subscription lines are used to fund investments, the amended Marketing Rule that went into effect in November 2022[2] specifically requires that gross and net performance be calculated and presented using the same methodology and over the same period of time. In the FAQ, the Staff expressed its view that certain historical performance reporting practices are no longer permitted under the Marketing Rule, even with clear disclosure regarding the differences in methodologies utilized to calculate the net and gross performance shown.
Alerts
On March 1, 2024, Judge Liles C. Burke of the US District Court for the Northern District of Alabama found the Corporate Transparency Act (“CTA”) unconstitutional. The CTA, which was enacted on Jan. 1, 2021, requires certain legal entities (known as “Reporting Companies”) to file beneficial ownership information reports (“BOI Reports”) with the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”).[1] Judge Burke’s 53-page opinion concluded that “the CTA exceeds the Constitution’s limits on the legislative branch and lacks a sufficient nexus to any enumerated power to be a necessary or proper means of achieving Congress’ policy goals.”[2] Judge Burke also issued a final judgment permanently enjoining the US Government from enforcing the CTA against the two plaintiffs —the National Small Business Association, a non-profit trade group that represents more than 65,000 member companies, and one of its members.[3]
Alerts
On Feb. 15, 2024, the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) proposed its long-anticipated rule, which will subject certain investment advisers to significant anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing-related compliance obligations (“Proposed Rule”). Specifically, the Proposed Rule requires certain investment advisers to (i) establish and implement anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (“AML/CFT”) programs, (ii) file suspicious activity reports (“SARs”) with FinCEN, and (iii) fulfill recordkeeping, information sharing, investor due diligence and other AML/CFT-related obligations mandated by the Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”).[1] The Proposed Rule applies to investment advisers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), also known as registered investment advisers (“RIAs”) and exempt reporting advisers (“ERAs”) (collectively, “Covered Advisers”). The public comment period will remain open until April 15, 2024.
Alerts
On Jan. 10, 2024, the US Department of Labor (“DOL”) published its final rule on employee or independent contractor classification under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) for purposes of minimum wage and overtime. The final rule became effective March 11, 2024.
Alerts
On Feb. 6, the Staff of the US Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Investment Management (“Staff”) issued an updated FAQ (“FAQ”) with respect to Investment Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-1 (“Marketing Rule”), excerpted below,[1] addressing the presentation of gross and net internal rates of return (“IRRs”) when the fund uses subscription lines to fund investments. Although the Staff, for quite some time, has focused during examinations on the methodology used to calculate gross and net IRRs when subscription lines are used to fund investments, the amended Marketing Rule that went into effect in November 2022[2] specifically requires that gross and net performance be calculated and presented using the same methodology and over the same period of time. In the FAQ, the Staff expressed its view that certain historical performance reporting practices are no longer permitted under the Marketing Rule, even with clear disclosure regarding the differences in methodologies utilized to calculate the net and gross performance shown.
Alerts
On March 1, 2024, Judge Liles C. Burke of the US District Court for the Northern District of Alabama found the Corporate Transparency Act (“CTA”) unconstitutional. The CTA, which was enacted on Jan. 1, 2021, requires certain legal entities (known as “Reporting Companies”) to file beneficial ownership information reports (“BOI Reports”) with the US Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”).[1] Judge Burke’s 53-page opinion concluded that “the CTA exceeds the Constitution’s limits on the legislative branch and lacks a sufficient nexus to any enumerated power to be a necessary or proper means of achieving Congress’ policy goals.”[2] Judge Burke also issued a final judgment permanently enjoining the US Government from enforcing the CTA against the two plaintiffs —the National Small Business Association, a non-profit trade group that represents more than 65,000 member companies, and one of its members.[3]