Publications
Shareholders’ Rights & Shareholder Activism 2022 — "USA: Trends and Developments"
Chambers Global Practice Guides
October 2022
Schulte Roth & Zabel partners Ele Klein, Michael Swartz and Adriana Schwartz and associate Brandon Gold authored the “USA: Trends and Developments” chapter in the Chambers Global Practice Guide: Shareholders’ Rights & Shareholder Activism 2022, which provides an update on shareholder activism within the United States.
Shareholders of public companies must navigate a complex landscape that includes both government regulation and the by-laws of the companies whose shares they hold. Two recent opinions from the Delaware Chancery Court underscore the importance for shareholders of careful timetable management and adherence to advance notice by-laws when making nominations. In addition, rules proposed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) concerning the reporting of beneficial ownership have the potential to introduce considerable compliance challenges and impede communication between shareholders. And both developments underscore the ease with which shareholders can "foot fault", whether with regard to company by-laws or SEC regulations.
Related Insights
Alerts
On March 1, 2024, New York Governor Kathy Hochul signed into law an amended version of the New York LLC Transparency Act (“NYLTA”),[1] requiring certain limited liability companies (“LLCs”) formed or authorized to do business in New York (each, a “NY Reporting Company”) to file a beneficial ownership information (“BOI”) report with the NY Department of State (“NY DOS”). Each NY Reporting Company will be required to disclose on its BOI report identifying information pertaining to each individual who directly or indirectly exercises substantial control or owns or controls 25 percent or more of the ownership interests of a NY Reporting Company (each, a “Beneficial Owner”) and the individuals involved in the NY Reporting Company’s formation or registration to do business in New York (each, an “Applicant”). Information reported to NY DOS will be maintained in a private database not accessible to the public. The NYLTA goes into effect on Jan. 1, 2026 and requires the NY DOS to promulgate regulations implementing the legislation.
Alerts
On Feb. 16, 2024, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”), issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (“Proposed Rule”)[1] continuing the process of implementing regulations to combat illicit finance risks posed by abuse by some in the real estate market. The Proposed Rule would require certain persons involved in residential real estate closings and settlements to submit reports (“Real Estate Reports”) and keep accurate records of certain non-financed transfers of US residential real property. The reasoning behind the Proposed Rule is explained extensively in FinCEN’s December 2021 Anti-Money Laundering Regulations for Real Estate Transactions Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which discusses “the opacity of shell companies or other legal entity structures to mask true beneficial ownership of a property and their involvement in real estate transactions.”[2]
Alerts
The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) passed its long-anticipated final Non-Compete Rule broadly prohibiting the use of worker non-competition restrictions. The Non-Compete Rule is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on May 7, 2024, and become effective 120 days later, on Sept. 4, 2024. To the extent the Non-Compete Rule is more restrictive than a state or local law, the Non-Compete Rule will supersede such other law. However, the validity of the Non-Compete Rule is already being challenged in three separate court cases and its effective date may be delayed.
Alerts
On April 24, 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released final regulations (TD 9992) (“Final Regulations”) addressing the determination of whether a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) is “domestically controlled.” The Final Regulations finalize proposed regulations (REG-100442-22) (“Proposed Regulations”) under Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code published on Dec. 29, 2022.[1]
Alerts
On March 1, 2024, New York Governor Kathy Hochul signed into law an amended version of the New York LLC Transparency Act (“NYLTA”),[1] requiring certain limited liability companies (“LLCs”) formed or authorized to do business in New York (each, a “NY Reporting Company”) to file a beneficial ownership information (“BOI”) report with the NY Department of State (“NY DOS”). Each NY Reporting Company will be required to disclose on its BOI report identifying information pertaining to each individual who directly or indirectly exercises substantial control or owns or controls 25 percent or more of the ownership interests of a NY Reporting Company (each, a “Beneficial Owner”) and the individuals involved in the NY Reporting Company’s formation or registration to do business in New York (each, an “Applicant”). Information reported to NY DOS will be maintained in a private database not accessible to the public. The NYLTA goes into effect on Jan. 1, 2026 and requires the NY DOS to promulgate regulations implementing the legislation.
Alerts
On Feb. 16, 2024, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”), issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (“Proposed Rule”)[1] continuing the process of implementing regulations to combat illicit finance risks posed by abuse by some in the real estate market. The Proposed Rule would require certain persons involved in residential real estate closings and settlements to submit reports (“Real Estate Reports”) and keep accurate records of certain non-financed transfers of US residential real property. The reasoning behind the Proposed Rule is explained extensively in FinCEN’s December 2021 Anti-Money Laundering Regulations for Real Estate Transactions Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which discusses “the opacity of shell companies or other legal entity structures to mask true beneficial ownership of a property and their involvement in real estate transactions.”[2]
Alerts
The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) passed its long-anticipated final Non-Compete Rule broadly prohibiting the use of worker non-competition restrictions. The Non-Compete Rule is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on May 7, 2024, and become effective 120 days later, on Sept. 4, 2024. To the extent the Non-Compete Rule is more restrictive than a state or local law, the Non-Compete Rule will supersede such other law. However, the validity of the Non-Compete Rule is already being challenged in three separate court cases and its effective date may be delayed.
Alerts
On April 24, 2024, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released final regulations (TD 9992) (“Final Regulations”) addressing the determination of whether a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) is “domestically controlled.” The Final Regulations finalize proposed regulations (REG-100442-22) (“Proposed Regulations”) under Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code published on Dec. 29, 2022.[1]
Alerts
On March 1, 2024, New York Governor Kathy Hochul signed into law an amended version of the New York LLC Transparency Act (“NYLTA”),[1] requiring certain limited liability companies (“LLCs”) formed or authorized to do business in New York (each, a “NY Reporting Company”) to file a beneficial ownership information (“BOI”) report with the NY Department of State (“NY DOS”). Each NY Reporting Company will be required to disclose on its BOI report identifying information pertaining to each individual who directly or indirectly exercises substantial control or owns or controls 25 percent or more of the ownership interests of a NY Reporting Company (each, a “Beneficial Owner”) and the individuals involved in the NY Reporting Company’s formation or registration to do business in New York (each, an “Applicant”). Information reported to NY DOS will be maintained in a private database not accessible to the public. The NYLTA goes into effect on Jan. 1, 2026 and requires the NY DOS to promulgate regulations implementing the legislation.